Verdict: Partly
Partly. Google has never made a Drive for desktop app for Linux, so there is no folder that syncs by itself, but everything in your Drive is available in a browser at drive.google.com.
Google's installation instructions for Drive for desktop cover Windows and macOS only. Linux is not offered, and Google has given no sign of changing that.
The browser version does more than people assume. You can see every file, upload and download, share, restore earlier versions and use Google Docs, Sheets and Slides in full. Files you mark for offline use stay available in Chrome when your connection drops. For many households this is enough, and it needs no setup at all.
What you lose is the syncing folder: files appearing in your file manager, saving straight into Drive from any program, and automatic backup of your Documents and Desktop folders. If you want that back, Insync is paid software that adds a proper syncing folder for Google Drive accounts on Linux and is the least fiddly option. Some Linux desktops can also connect a Google account in their settings and show Drive in the file manager, which is useful for occasional access but slower and not a true sync.
Nothing happens to your files. They stay in Google's storage exactly as they were, and you can download anything at any time. If you would rather not depend on a third-party tool, Nextcloud and Dropbox both have proper Linux apps and the syncing folder simply works.
Paid, one-off licence per account. Gives Google Drive a real syncing folder on Linux, so your habits do not change.
Your files: Syncs your existing Drive contents. Google Docs files can be kept as links or converted to Office formats on the way down.
A full replacement service you can rent or run yourself, with an official Linux app and a folder that syncs properly.
Your files: You upload your files once. Office documents open in LibreOffice or ONLYOFFICE afterwards.
A different company, but it has an official Linux app, which is the shortest path to a working syncing folder.
Your files: Files copy across unchanged.
Free, keeps folders matched between your own devices with no cloud account. There is no website copy, so pair it with a backup tool.
Your files: Copies files between machines unchanged.
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