Verdict: Yes
Yes. Google Keep is a website at keep.google.com and there was never a Windows program to lose, so it works on Linux exactly as it did before.
Keep has always been used in a browser on a computer. Google's own help pages tell you to go to keep.google.com, and that is as true on Linux as on Windows. Sign in, and every note, list, photo, label and reminder is there.
Any browser will do. Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Brave and Vivaldi all run on Linux. If you liked having Keep as something that looked like an app rather than a tab, Chrome and Edge can turn a website into a shortcut that opens in its own window with no address bar, which gets you most of the way there.
Nothing needs exporting. Your notes live in your Google account and are downloaded to the browser as you need them.
The one thing to check is anything you had pinned to the Windows taskbar or wired into another Windows app. Those shortcuts do not survive, and you set them up again on the new machine. The notes themselves are untouched.
Free and open source, and a good move if you want notes that live on your own machine rather than in a Google account. Handles checklists and attachments.
Your files: Can import notes exported from Google Keep through Google Takeout, though formatting needs a tidy.
If leaving Google is the point, Nextcloud includes notes alongside files and calendar, either self-hosted or from a provider.
Your files: Imports plain text and markdown notes. No direct Keep import.
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