Yes. Oracle's download page for MySQL Workbench offers Linux versions, both a Debian package and a generic Linux build, at the same version number as the Windows one.
MySQL Workbench by Oracle · Coding · Has a Linux version
MySQL Workbench is an Oracle product that has been built for Linux for years. The download page lists
Microsoft Windows, Debian Linux, generic Linux, macOS and the source code. Oracle also runs its own
software repositories for Debian and Ubuntu systems, for Red Hat and Fedora systems and for SUSE, which is
the tidier way to install it because updates then arrive with everything else.
Your connections and saved queries come across as files. The saved model and query files Workbench writes
are the same on both systems, and the databases you connect to do not care what your desktop runs.
The Linux builds have a reputation for being a little rougher than the Windows ones, with the occasional
crash on complicated diagrams. If that bites, DBeaver is a free alternative that talks to MySQL and MariaDB
as well as most other databases, and many people who move to Linux end up there.