Verdict: Yes
Yes. OBS Studio is made for Windows, Mac and Linux by the same project, and the download page offers a Linux version. Your scenes and settings can be exported from Windows and imported on Linux.
This is about as easy as switching gets. The OBS download page lists Linux alongside Windows and Mac, with a Flatpak on Flathub as the official route and an Ubuntu option as well. Install it from your Linux system's app store and you have the same program.
Your setup can come with you. OBS can export a scene collection and your profile from the Windows machine and import them on the Linux one. Plan to relink your sources afterwards, because the file paths to your images, videos and sounds will have changed.
The parts that need checking are the ones that touch your hardware. Capture cards, webcams and USB microphones mostly work, but not always, so test yours before a live stream matters. Recording a single application window is also more awkward on newer Wayland desktops than it is on Windows, because the desktop asks you to pick the window through a permission prompt each time.
Streaming to Twitch, YouTube and the rest is unchanged. You sign in the same way and the same stream keys work.
The same program from the same project, with an official Linux build. Scene collections and profiles can be exported from Windows and imported here.
Your files: Recordings are the same MP4 and MKV files. Scene collections transfer, though source file paths need relinking.
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