No. foobar2000 is made for Windows, Mac, Android and iOS, and there is no Linux version. Strawberry is the usual replacement.
foobar2000 by Peter Pawlowski · Music & audio · No way to run it
The foobar2000 download page lists Windows in 32-bit, 64-bit and ARM versions, plus macOS, Android
and iOS. Linux is not on the list and never has been.
Your music is not the problem. Audio files are just files, so your MP3, FLAC and other tracks copy
straight over and open in any Linux player with their tags and artwork intact.
What you lose is the thing foobar2000 people actually care about: the custom layouts, the title
formatting scripts and the components. Nothing on Linux reproduces those, and pretending otherwise
would be dishonest. Strawberry is the closest in spirit, aimed at people with large local
collections who want tag editing and control rather than a streaming front end.
Playlists saved as .m3u files carry across. A foobar2000 .fpl playlist is its own format and will
not open elsewhere, so export anything you want to keep as .m3u before the Windows machine goes.
Built for large local music collections, with tag editing, artwork lookup and proper library control. The nearest thing in outlook, though not in layout.
Your files: Opens your existing music files and their tags. Reads .m3u playlists, not foobar2000's own .fpl files.
A modern looking player for people who want albums and artwork rather than a configurable interface.
Your files: Reads your existing music folder and fetches artwork.
This doesn't have to stop you
One stubborn program doesn't have to decide the whole question. You can keep Windows on the same PC and restart into it only when you need foobar2000. Everything else you do can move.